Pertussis: Unraveling its Complexities
Pertussis is also called whooping-cough and it's a highly infectious bacterial disease that affects primarily the respiratory system. The high rate of infection and potential complications in young children and infants have made it a major public health issue. Pertussis outbreaks continue to be a major problem despite the existence of vaccines. The purpose of this article is to demystify the pertussis virus by examining its causes, treatment, opinions from experts, and prevention measures.
What is Pertussis disease?
The bacteria Bordetella Pertussis causes a severe respiratory infection. Pertussis is characterized by bouts of severe coughing followed by an audible "whooping sound" when inhaling. World Health Organization estimates that approximately 24,1 million pertussis cases occur worldwide each year. This results in 160,700 infant deaths. In general, outbreaks are cyclical and peak every 3 to 5 years. Pertussis is a disease that can strike anyone, but it's most serious in infants who are not vaccinated.
Pertussis: Common causes
Pertussis can be caused by the bacteria Bordetella. Droplets are easily spread when a person infected coughs or is sneezed. Individuals who are not vaccinated or have weakened immunity systems may be more susceptible. Here are some factors that increase the risk of a disease:
- Pertussis vaccination is not recommended
- Incomplete vaccination
- Immune weakened by chronic illnesses or medical treatment
- Contact with infected individuals
Pertussis: Common treatments
Pertussis is treated primarily with antibiotics that eliminate the bacteria. Early treatment helps prevent spread of disease. Most commonly, these treatments are:
- Erythromycin is effective when administered early on in the progression of the illness.
- Azithromycin is the preferred antibiotic for pregnant and infant women because it has fewer side-effects.
- Clarithromycin is another option available for those allergic to azithromycin and erythromycin.
These treatments are effective when they're administered quickly. Pertussis is best prevented by vaccination.
Pertussis: Expert opinions
Experts stress the importance of vaccination to prevent pertussis epidemics. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention recommends the DTaP vaccination for children and Tdap for adults and adolescents. Researchers found in a Lancet study that global mass vaccination campaigns significantly decreased pertussis related mortality rates. Experts warn that there is no 100% -effective vaccine, and the immunity diminishes over time. Booster shots are therefore necessary.
Prevention and Natural Treatments
Pertussis is not a disease that has a proven cure. However, there are ways to manage the symptoms and spread of pertussis. These are some helpful tips.
- Keep hydrated. Drinking fluids will help to thin mucus, and ease coughing.
- Rest. Adequate sleep strengthens your immune system.
- To prevent disease spread, isolate infected people from other individuals, particularly infants and the elderly.
- Pertussis can be prevented most effectively by regular immunization.
Pertussis remains a major public health issue despite medical advances. The main prevention of pertussis is the prompt administration and practice of good hygiene. It is important to understand the disease, its causes, treatment, and prevention measures.
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